This is the time of year when people gather to wish each other happy Christmas and good things for the coming year. It is also the time of one of the commonest respiratory infections. Influenza.
Influenza is caused by a virus of the same name which annually resurfaces to confine millions of people to bed. Each year the virus is slightly different from the previous year due to the process of genetic mutation. Its transmission is through droplets emitted from the mouths and noses of sick people. Cold temperatures cause people to aggregate in closed spaces making droplet transmission easier. Furthermore the body's defence of expelling harmful microbes is rendered inefficient by the cold.
Historically influenza has been responsible for various epidemics which have left millions of people dead. This fortunately is no longer the case thanks to advances in public health and general hygiene.
When one gets this disease he or she starts experiencing the symptoms of sore throat, runny nose, dry cough, fever and marked lethargy. These can last from three to seven days usually but can be prolonged if there are complications such as secondary infections.
A vaccine does exist which offers protection which lasts just one season. Re vaccination is necessary each year to maintain protection. It is most indicated for persons who have impaired immune systems, such as the elderly and those with chronic medical conditions, but in reality anyone over the age of six months will benefit.
