Monday, May 01, 2006

L-Azzma

L-azzma hi marda fejn il-passaggi tal-arja gewwa l-pulmun (il-bronki) jidjiequ, u/jew jinstaddu b’mod mhux permanenti. Dan isir permezz ta’ zewg mekkanizmi. Meta persuna li tkun tbati bl-azzma tigi f’kuntatt ma’ xi haga li tirrita l-passaggi tal-arja, il-muskoli ta’ gewwa l-passaggi tal-arja jingibdu. Jigri wkoll li l-parti ta’ gewwa tal-bronki tiffjamma u tipproduci sustanzi li jingemghu u jsoddu lill-istess bronki.
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Dawn it-tibdiliet fil-bronki jikkawzaw is-sintomi karatteristici tal-azzma, jigifieri soghla, qtugh ta’ nifs, sens ta’ dieqa fis-sider, u tisfir man-nifs. F’kazi gravi u estremi tista’ tirrizulta l-mewt .

Attakki tal-azzma jistghu jigu kkawzati minn tniggiz fl-arja (per ez. duhhan ta’ sigaretti u dhahen tal-karozzi), irjihat u infezzjonijiet virali, emozzjonijiet qawwija bhal dahq u inkwiet, ezercizzju (dan jigri meta l-azzma ma tkunx kontrollata, ghax normalment l-ezercizzju hu tajjeb ghal min ibaghti b’din il-marda), ikel (per ez karawett u halib tal-baqar), ormoni, il-hmieg tal-insett maghruf bhala “house dust mite”, medicini bhal certu tip ta’ pilloli tal-ugiegh (“NSAIDS”) u pilloli kontra l-pressjoni (“beta blockers”), il-moffa, annimali bil-pil u r-rix, “pollen”, tipjip, u t-temp (tibdil fit-temperatura, arja kiesha, granet bir-rih, granet shan b’umdita gholja).

Il-kura tal-azzma hija permezz ta' pompi ('inhalers'), pilloli, u 'nebulisers'. F'kazi gravi jintuzaw ukoll injezzjonijiet.Hemm zewg tipi ta' pompi, dawk li jserrhu mis-sintomi tal-azzma ('relievers') u dawk li jipprevenu attakki ('preventers'). Hu importanti li dawn tal-ahhar jittiehdu regolarment, anke meta ma jkunx hemm sintomi. Zball komuni fost pazjenti bl-azzma hu li jiehdu l-'preventer' biss meta jkollhom attakk tal-azzma. Dan hu ghalxejn, ghax waqt attakk il-'preventer' mhux ser joffri solliev. 'Preventers' komuni huma Becotide ®, Becloforte ®, u Pulmicort ®.
L-iktar 'reliever' komuni hu Ventolin ®. Hemm ohrajn bhal Atrovent ®. Dawn il-medicini jahdmu billi jserrhu l-muskoli tal-bronki biex b'hekk il-passaggi tal-arja jinfethu u l-pazjent jistrieh. Meta 'reliever' ma jkollux effett, jew ikollu effett zghir, dan hu sinjal li l-attakk tal-azzma hu wiehed gravi. F'dan il-kaz l-individwu ghandu jzur tabib malajr kemm jista' jkun. Hawnhekk jista' jigi ordnat 'nebuliser', fejn il-medicina tinghata permezz ta' maskla mqabbda mal-ossignu.
Mezz iehor biex tigi kkontrollata l-azzma hu permezz ta' pilloli, li komunement ikunu 'steroids' bhal 'prednisolone'. Dawn il-pilloli jittiehdu f'korsijiet qosra meta l-azzma tkun mhux taht kontroll. L-i'steroids' huma pilloli qawwijin hafna, jahdmu malajr, ghandhom hafna 'side effects', u ghalhekk ghandhom jittiehdu biss fuq parir ta' tabib.


Dr A. Cordina

Referenzi
  • http://www.asthma.org.uk/
  • Shah S, Peat JK, Mazurski EJ, Wang H, Sindhusake D, Bruce C, Henry RL, Gibson RG. Effect of peer led programme for asthma education in adolescents: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, Mar 2001; 322: 583 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7286.583
  • Glasgow NJ, Ponsonby AL, Yates R, Beilby J, Dugdale P. Proactive asthma care in childhood: general practice based randomised controlled trial. BMJ, Sep 2003; 327: 659 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7416.659
  • Currie GP, Devereux GS, Lee DKC, Ayres JG. Recent developments in asthma management. BMJ, Mar 2005; 330: 585 - 589 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7491.585
  • Lahdensuo A. Guided self management of asthma how to do it . BMJ, Sep 1999; 319: 759 – 760
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  • Rees J. Prevalence. BMJ, Aug 2005; 331: 443 - 445 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7514.443

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

Keep up the good work. thnx!
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